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Chemical Industry - The Backbone of Agricultural Development
Over long time, human food and clothing depended primarily on agriculture. While ever because the historic time, agriculture had always relied on loads of human labor, which was subject to various kinds of natural conditions. So the development of agriculture was very slow. Throughout the nineteenth century, the use of agricultural machinery gradually improved the working conditions. Nonetheless, in agricultural production, it was the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that really elevated the agricultural output in per unit area.
Follow shows that, amongst all the measures to increase the agricultural production, the role performed by chemical fertilizers is 40% to 65%. On the premise of the booming within the petrochemical industry, artificial ammonia and urea have realized massive-scale production, which makes the output of chemical fertilizer occupy a large proportion in the chemical products. In 1985, the total output of chemical fertilizer on this planet amounted to approximately 140 million ton, which made it change into one of many bulk chemical products. In recent years, the development of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and trace elements fertilizer has further meet the calls for of different soil buildings and different crops.
In the early period, individuals used natural animals, plants and minerals to stop and treat crop pests and diseases. Till the late 19th century, after the formation of modern chemical business, folks started to make use of arsenic preparation to kill beetles on potato, and use Bordeaux mixture to prevent and treat downy mildew on grapes, so that agriculture began a new period of chemical prevention and treatment. During the Forties, numerous pesticides and herbicides, similar to organic chlorine, organic phosphorus, were produced and widely used in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and public health. Nevertheless, a number of the pesticides during this interval were rich in residues or poison, which caused ecological pollution, in order that they had been banned by many countries.
In recent years, a number of environment friendly, low-residue, low-poisonousity pesticides have been developed, together with pyrethroid, which is a bionic pesticide and will not pollute the environment. It has been put into industrial production. Consequently, bio-pesticides have become the most active areas in pesticide research currently.
What's more, plastic film (such as high pressure polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, etc.) has been utilized in modern agriculture, which is used for mulching film or greenhouse seedlings. It will possibly significantly improve the output of the crops, so it is now being popularized on a big area.
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